Born in Ireland, he pariticipated in the revolutionary ferment there and was sent to the penal colony of Tasmania. He escaped and came to New York in 1852, where he worked as a writer and lecturer. At the outbreak of war he volunteered for the Union cause, helped organize the Irish Brigade, and was made its general. After the war he was name Secretary of the Territory of Montana, but two years later he drowned accidentally in the Missouri River.