Noll was born in Fort Wayne and became a priest in that diocese in 1898. While still a priest he began writing pamphlets and booklets about the Catholic faith. In 1912, he expanded his work with the publication of a Catholic newspaper, Our Sunday Visitor. He was made the fifth bishop of Fort Wayne in 1925 and granted the honorary title of archbishop in 1953. He was deeply involved the early years of the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the Legion of Decency.